What technologies are used to achieve welding of terminal pins and sockets

　　1. Manual welding technology

　　Manual welding is a traditional and common method of welding terminal pins and sockets. This method relies on skilled welders to operate with electric soldering irons. During the welding process, workers must first clean and pre-treat the surface of the pins and sockets and the terminals to remove the oxide layer and contaminants to ensure that the welding surface is clean and smooth. Then, use suitable solder (usually tin-lead alloy or lead-free solder) and flux. The flux can help remove the oxides generated during the welding process and improve the fluidity of the solder. The worker heats the electric soldering iron to a suitable temperature, usually around 200-350 degrees Celsius (the specific temperature depends on the type of solder), then melts the solder and evenly applies it to the welding part, so that the pins and sockets are firmly connected to the terminals. The advantage of manual welding is that it is highly flexible and can adapt to various complex welding situations. It is very suitable for small-batch production or products with special requirements. However, it also has some disadvantages, such as the welding quality is easily affected by the worker's technical level and the production efficiency is relatively low.

　　2. Wave soldering technology

　　Wave soldering is a highly automated soldering technology suitable for mass production. During the wave soldering process, the pins and sockets and terminals are first installed on the PCB board, and then the PCB board is fed into the wave soldering machine through a conveyor belt. There is a molten solder tank inside the wave soldering machine, and the solder is heated to a liquid state and forms a wave-like shape. When the PCB board passes through the wave crest, the liquid solder will contact the soldering parts of the pins and sockets and the terminals. Under the action of surface tension and gravity, the solder is evenly covered on the soldering parts, thereby achieving soldering. The advantages of wave soldering are high production efficiency, relatively stable welding quality, and the consistency of mass production can be guaranteed. However, this technology requires special equipment investment, and may not be suitable for some special shapes of pins and sockets and terminals.

　　3. Reflow soldering technology

　　Reflow soldering is mainly used for the soldering of surface mount components, and can also be used for the soldering of pins and sockets of terminals. Before reflow soldering, solder paste containing solder powder and flux needs to be applied to the soldering parts of the pins and sockets and terminals. These components are then mounted on the PCB board and placed in the reflow soldering machine. The reflow soldering machine melts the solder in the solder paste by heating, and under the action of the flux, the solder forms a good connection with the welding part. The advantage of reflow soldering is that it can achieve high-precision welding, and the welding effect is better for tiny components and complex circuits. Its disadvantages are that the equipment cost is high, and the temperature control requirements during the welding process are very strict.

　　4. Laser welding technology

　　Laser welding is a high-precision and high-efficiency welding technology. It uses a high-energy laser beam to focus on the welding parts of the pins, sockets and terminals to melt the material locally and form a welding joint. The advantages of laser welding are fast welding speed, small heat-affected zone and high welding quality. It can achieve very fine welding, which is very suitable for some special application scenarios with extremely high requirements for welding quality, such as aerospace, medical equipment and other fields. However, the cost of laser welding equipment is very high, and professional operators are required to operate and maintain it.

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