Vibration analysis of CNC lathe

　　Vibration analysis of CNC lathe

　　There are many obvious abnormal phenomena in the turning-milling composite CNC lathe, but there is no alarm in some economical CNC systems. Even if there is an alarm sometimes, the alarm message also indicates that it is not an alarm for the abnormal phenomenon you have seen. The creep and vibration of machine tools are an obvious example. When the CNC lathe is running at low speed, the machine tool table crawls forward; when it is running at high speed, the machine tool vibrates.

　　Generally speaking, the vibration classification of turning-milling composite CNC lathes is divided into two categories: 1. Forced vibration; 2. Self-excited vibration.

　　In CNC lathes, milling machines and grinding machines, the forced vibration of the spindle system is often seen, the frequency of which depends on the speed of the spindle system (also related to the number of teeth during milling). There are many types of self-excited vibration of machine tools, such as torsional or bending self-excited vibration of rotating spindle (or contact with workpiece or tool) system; bending or torsional self-excited vibration of supporting parts such as machine bed, column, beam, etc.; low-speed operation The relaxed frictional self-excited vibration (usually called creeping) of moving parts such as workbenches is generally called "flutter".

　　Numerical control lathes often vibrate during work. The vibration of the lathe not only distorts the geometry and size of the workpiece, but also leaves vibration marks on the processed surface, which reduces the processing accuracy and surface finish, and aggravates the chilled state of the metal surface layer. When the tool vibrates, its durability will drop sharply, and even cause the blade to collapse. This is a hard and brittle problem, especially for alloy tools and ceramic tools. When the machine tool vibrates, the operator is often forced to reduce the amount of cutting, thereby limiting the productivity of the machine tool. In addition, on the automatic production line of machine tools, as long as one machine tool is forced to suspend operations due to vibration, it will disrupt the production rhythm and cause confusion in the production process. This shows that machine tool vibration is an important issue that must be paid attention to.

　　With the rapid development of science and technology, higher requirements are put forward for the manufacturing accuracy and surface quality of machine tool parts. Therefore, the research on machine tool vibration has become a major issue that must be faced in the research, production and use of machine tools and other departments. The purpose of studying machine tool vibration is to explore the causes of machine tool vibration, and seek ways to prevent and eliminate machine tool vibration, so as to develop more machine tools with good anti-vibration performance.

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